Routing:

Routing is a process that defines the route to the destination. Every router maintain  a routing table that contain routes of every network.

Routing Table:

• Network information
• Metric (measurement value)
• Interface information

To route, a router:

• Know the destination address
• Know the sources address
• Find possible path
• Select best path
• Maintain and verify routing table

 

Routing Protocol:

Used between router to determine the path and maintain the routing table. Once the path is determined, a router can route the packet through routing protocol. Example: RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS, BGP

Types (on the basis of processing):

• Distance Vector: RIP, RIPV2, IGRP
• Link State: OSPF, ISIS
• Hybrid (combination of both): EIGRP

Routed Protocol: IP, IPx, Appletalk, IPv6

 

Autonomous System: AS is a collection of networks under a common administrative domain.

On the basis of AS, routing protocols are divided into two categories.

1. IGP (interior Gateway Protocol)
2. EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)